What is dimethylformamide?

Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a colorless, highly polar solvent with a faint, amine-like odor. It is primarily used in the chemical industry to dissolve polymers, plastics, and resins or to carry out chemical reactions in a homogeneous phase. Due to its excellent solubility, DMF is often used in the manufacture of artificial leather, acrylic fibers, polyurethanes, and in the pharmaceutical industry.

Formation

DMF is mainly produced industrially by the reaction of dimethylamine with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst. An alternative production method is the reaction of dimethylamine with formic acid derivatives. Due to its high hygroscopicity, DMF is produced and stored in closed systems to prevent contamination by water.

Identification

DMF is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly fishy to amine-like odor. It is completely miscible with water and dissolves many organic and inorganic substances. DMF is thermally stable but reacts with strong oxidizing agents. Due to its hygroscopicity, it easily absorbs water from the environment, which must be taken into account during storage and use.

Limit values

The occupational exposure limit (OEL) for DMF in the EU is 5 ppm (15 mg/m³) as a time-weighted average over eight hours. Due to its toxic effects, DMF is classified as toxic to reproduction category 1B. Exposure should therefore be kept to a minimum and strict occupational safety measures must be observed.

Hazards

DMF can be absorbed into the body through the skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. It is irritating to the eyes and skin and can cause liver and kidney damage with chronic exposure. There is also a risk of fetal damage in pregnant women. DMF is biodegradable in the environment, but high concentrations can harm aquatic organisms.