Ammonia

What is ammonia?

Ammonia is a colourless gas with a pungent odour. It is widely used in the chemical industry and plays a central role in the production of fertilisers and chemicals. In nature, ammonia is produced by the decomposition of organic substances.

Origin

Ammonia is mainly produced in the chemical industry, particularly in the manufacture of fertilisers and in the petrochemical industry. It is also produced in agriculture through animal husbandry and the decomposition of organic material. Other sources are wastewater treatment plants and the combustion of fossil fuels.

Recognition

Ammonia can be recognised by its sharp, pungent odour. At low concentrations, the odour is reminiscent of vinegar; at higher concentrations, it is perceived as acrid. The liquid is colourless and can cause skin and eye irritation. When inhaled, it causes respiratory tract irritation, coughing and, in high doses, breathing difficulties.

Limit values

In Germany, the limit values for ammonia are regulated by the Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control (TA-Luft) and the occupational exposure limit values (OEL). The OEL for ammonia is 20 ppm (parts per million) or 14 mg/m³. These limit values are intended to ensure that the concentrations in the workplace do not cause any damage to health.

Dangers

Health: Ammonia can cause severe irritation to the eyes, respiratory tract and skin. At high concentrations, there is a risk of respiratory problems and lung damage. Chronic exposure can lead to permanent damage to health. Environment: Ammonia can contribute to the eutrophication of water bodies, which promotes the growth of algae and disturbs the ecological balance. It is also harmful to aquatic organisms. Economic damage: Improper handling of ammonia can lead to high costs for safety and remediation measures, especially in agriculture and industry.